The cost of the processor in single quantity and in bulk

Check electronics stores, or online at places such as Jameco.

The price depends on which model you purchase. There are hundreds of different models from dozens of different semiconductor companies. Check the chips page for a partial list of 8052-compatible microcontrollers.

The clock speed of the microprocessor

Check the datasheet for the MCU that you decide on.

The Register structure

Check here on the site at 8051 tutorial. Further information can be found in the datasheet of the part you choose.

The number of data bits

8.

The number of address bits

Depends on the part you choose. Usually 16-bits which are multiplexed with the data bits.

The addressable range

2^16 = 64k.

The addressing modes

See the addressing modes tutorial here on this site.

The instruction set

Check the instruction set here on this site.

The power consumption

See the datasheet for the part you choose.

It seems to me you are asking us questions without having tried to find the answers yourself. You know better than us what your requirements are so first choose a part, read the datasheet, read the tutorial on this site, and if you still have any questions feel free to let us know.

Craig Steiner