Have you taken the time to read your code.

You have code like:

LJMP BCD_ASCII 
RET 

LJMP ADR_RES 
RET 

When you do a jump (not call) to BCD_ASCII - how do you expect to process the RET instruction?

BCD_ASCII: ; (Convert BCD to ASCII
MOV A, R0 
ADD A, #30H 
MOV A, R1 
ADD A, #30H 
MOV A, R2 
ADD A, #30H 

How much data can you fit in A? Don't you think that you have to emit the contents of A before using A for processing the next digit?

ADR_RES: ;(MOV each digit of time to address in RAM) 
MOV A, RO   ; <== OOPS why that is not the digit zero. It's a letter.
MOV A, #30h 
MOV A, R1 
MOV A, #31h 
MOV A, R2 
MOV A, #32h 
RET 

If you mix characters and digits - have you really tested your code?
And this code is basically a copy-paste of the BIN_BCD - with the exception that there isn't a LJMP BIN_BCD at the end.

Another thing. SOme parts of your code uses R0, R1 and R2. Other parts uses R1, R2, R3. How will the processor know that you have a hard time with zero or one-relative indices?