You have the basic structure of writing and reading a 24C256 eeprom. But why not use an unsigned 16 bit variable for the address register and write:

i2c_transmit_byte(address >> 8);//High byte of address
i2c_transmit_byte(address & 0xFF);//Low byte of address

 

You are trying to access address: 0xAAAA in a device that can only access 0x0000 to 0x7FFF.

Write each primitive sequence as a function. Then you can re-use it every time you want to read/write in your program. And most importantly re-use in other programs.

Also bear in mind that the eeprom will take 3 or 4 ms to write. Either allow a 5ms delay or poll the device when you want to do the next operation. i.e. take note of the ACK from when you send a Slave byte.

David.