"There has been a discussion on microcontrollers vs. microprocessors a number of times, you could look those up."

This is true - use the 'Search' button.

As I've said before, the line between microcontrollers and microprocessors is a fuzzy one; many people would call the 80186/188 microcontrollers (Intel do).

The 80186/188 has an 8086/88 CPU plus interrupt controller, UART, and a few other peripherals integrated onto a single chip; it basically includes the main chips from the original IBM PC motherboard - Erik's favourite 8259 PIC, 8255 PIO, 8251 UART, etc

Peter is right: with an 80186/188 you need to add external memory; with many 8051 variants, you have all you need in the one chip