You said;

"My Question is how can the controller now when he interpretes this code ...,"

The essence of your problem is the difference between an interpreter and a compiller. You may not recognize the distinction, being new to this field. Years ago the first "personal computers" came with BASIC interpreters built in. Does anyone remember what the "GW" stood for in "GW BASIC"? Please pardon my digression. The µ-controller doesn't interpret the data, it executes it. Moreover, interpreters are software(or firmware), not hardware. An interpreter executes a single line of mneumonic code at a time. Compilers actually convert the mneumonic code into executable code. When I studied the theory (undergraduate school), compilers/assemblers typically used (at least?) three passes to get everything straight before actually writing the executable code. To do a complete disassembly you will also need to make multiple passes through the executable code, reiterating for each possible branch of each conditional jump. You won't be able to predefine the number of passes necessary.

I am assuming that you know the difference between the executable code and the hex file data. Please advise if you aren't clear on how to read the hex file data.