I cant figure out why you want to know about a microphone first when you want to learn about microcontrollers.

And just mentioning a microphone does not take you anywhere - what is the type ? Moving coil / electret / piezo electric ...

OK in any case a microphone (normally)gives you a analog signal and not data . First and foremost you will have to amplify this low level signal for further processing.

But let me stop here - please come back with your exact requirement or plan that you have in mind. And just for your information, if you are new to microcontrollers, interfacing a microphone to 8052 is not a easy topic to start with.

Raghu.