This message is almost impossible to understand. I read it several times and I think this is what you are asking:

Question: Is it possible to damage one small part of a microcontroller while the rest continues to work properly?

Answer: Yes. You can damage some port pins while other port pins may continue to work.

Question: Can I damage the microcontroller by applying a voltage to an input pin while the microcontroller is not powered?

Answer: Yes. See the "Absolute Maximum Ratings" section of your microcontroller datasheet. Exceeding any of these limits, even for very short amounts of time, can permanently damage the microcontroller.

- Lee