are there any 32 bit controllers compatible with 8051 code?
Nope, the best you can do is Philips XA, Siemens 16x and Intel 251 - all 16 bit.
The Siemens is 'somewhat' compatible and true 16 bit performance.
The Philips is source compatible and true 16 bit performance.
The Intel is object compatible and very limited in 16 bit performance for that reason.

What you should note is that using these in compatibility mode you have no advantage. The main reason of using these over e.g. the ARM is that a lot of I/O is fairly easy to transfer since they have the pseudo-bidirectional port structure.

Erik