??? 05/03/05 11:18 Read: times |
#92792 - Ratio is important Responding to: ???'s previous message |
Take an example of the classic precision rectifier circuit that you had posted in reply to my earlier thread. It was using 4 numbers of 22k resistors and one 11k resistor. Any variation in the resistor value due to the tolerance or drift affects the signal and these resistors are so critical that if one of them increases or decreses one of the lobes of the output rectified signal is bigger or smaller than the other. In this application it's only of interest, that all 22k resistors are equal and that the 11k resistor is exactly the half of these 22k resistors. This heavily simplifies your efforts: Just take a handful of 22k resistors of 0.1% and take six of them which show exactly the same reading with your DMM. Then, take two of these resistors in parallel to form the 11k resistor! This is the easiest way to achieve high precision in the precision rectifier application. Another option is to use 0.05% (or even 0.01%) resistors, which are available for fabricating input voltage dividers for DMMs. Then you don't need to select them. A word about selecting resistors by the help of DMM: Some DMM have maximum display range of '1999'. If your DMM is such, then don't take 22k resistors but 18k ones. If you choose six resistors such that all digits of reading are identical, then the precision imbalance between them is about 1/1800 =0.06%. If you would take 22k resistors, then you would loose one digit ('0220') and imbalance would be 1/220 = 0.5%. If your DMM has a maximum display range of '3999', then you can also choose 39k resistors. Then, the matching imbalance would be about 1/3900 = 0.03%. But keep in mind, that there's some leakage current through the rectifying diodes, which demands the use of rather low ohmic resistors in the rectifier. So, do not choose much higher ohmic resistors. If ambient temperature is very high, then lower leaking rectifying diodes are needed, e.g. FDH300, and/or lower ohmic resistors. Keep also in mind, that you cannot achieve high precision with poor resistors. Even if you can match them to less then 0.1% imbalance. The reason is, that poor resistors will also show poor drift characteristics. So, what is 'precise' at this very moment becomes unprecise in a few days. Do only take the highest quality resistors you can get, if you need that high precision. Take also care that the temp drift is low: There are resistors available with 50ppm, 25ppm, 10ppm/K and even less. An example: If 40K ambient temperature change is allowed, then 50ppm will result in 0.2% change! This is intolerable! So, standard metal film resistors of 1% tolerance and 50ppm drift are not a good choose for your application! A last hint: Don't solder these precision resistors too hot! This can make them undergo a relevant initial drift! So, if you take through-hole resistors (having wires at both ends), then do not solder too close to resistor body. Kai |
Topic | Author | Date |
WEOT: Signal Conditioning the right way. | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Calibration | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Re: Caliberation. | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Assumptions wrong. | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Re: Wrong Assumption. | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Tracking the offset. | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
re:drift | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Drift compentsation | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Track the drift | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
another track | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Signal conditioniong | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Choosing precision parts is the remedy | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Re: Choosing precision parts. | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
Ratio is important | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
wikipedia for op-amp | 01/01/70 00:00 | |
power supply noise![]() | 01/01/70 00:00 |