Ears are actually many many sensors in each. There are 100's of nerve endings that get excited by the sound wave in each ear. Ears coupled with the analog computer known as the brain can measure, frequency, phase, delay, rise, decay, amplitude over a huge dynamic range...just to name a few parameters. You then combine two of these amazing instruments together and train it over a period of years with practice & experience developed heuristic algorithms and it is amazing the result.

Mike Karas