From your postings it appears that the 24C16 does not ACK its slave address. ( 0xA0 write / 0xA1 read ).

If you really are getting the correct SDA and SCL signals on the [b]actual chip[/b], but the eeprom is not responding then you are probably using an inappropriate slave address.

You can read and write the DS1307 RAM registers so the basic i2c code must be ok with slave address 0xD0/0xD1.

I would guess that you are using a solderless white breadboard.

David.