Hi Shriharsha,

Your water pipe analogy is very good, although it lacks a certain scientific rigour ;o).

What you say about over-/undervoltage is not quite correct. Most loads act as a resistor to a certain degree. So a lower voltage will result in lower current being drawn. Conversely, a higher voltage will result in higher current. There are exeptions to this rule: A switchmode power supply acts as a constant power load, which means that the input current will actually decrease with higher voltage.

The actual behaviour at over-/undervoltage depends very much on the type of device. In general, undervoltage will result in erratic behaviour but not in destructive failure. Overvoltage is much more likely to cause permanent damage, either through avalanche breakdown (in bipolar devices), gate 'punchtrough' (in CMOS) or through overheating.

Best regards,
Rob.