The first order of business is to get your 805x system talking to the PC, even if it is in the most basic manner, like running a terminal program on the PC and having the your system echo back every character it receives from the PC. When that is successful, then we can deal with the bigger issue of passing the EEPROM image back and forth.

Have you looked at this site's Serial Tutorial section?

http://www.8052.com/tutser.phtml

Maybe also take a look at the serial I/O library here:

http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/serial_io.html

You can also post your code here and we can try to diagnose what is wrong. When posting code, don't forget to give us a detailed description of what the problem's symptoms are and please bracket the code with the <pre> and </pre> HTML tags.