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???
03/05/05 17:13
Modified:
  03/05/05 17:16

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#89167 - Seebeck-effect, thermo elements
Responding to: ???'s previous message
Prahlad said:
I got what has to be done to avoid problems but couldnt understand how is the small voltage produced? and how does two reverse series solve the problem?

If you put two different metals in close contact, then Seebeck-effect takes place: Electrons are wandering from the one metal to the other, causing a slight voltage difference between the two metals. Origin of this effect is the difference of Fermi level of free electrons of both metals, while the creating of potential difference just compensates for the difference of Fermi levels of both metals.

This potential difference can be up to 100µV and more, depending on what actual metals you combine. And this potential is temperature dependent, why it's often called 'thermo poential'. (I don't know whether this is the correct name in english for it.) The arrangement, where the two metals are in close contact to each other is called 'thermo element'.

This thermo potential always makes trouble if very small DC voltages are to be handled and some methodes are known to provide a cure against this:

1. Put a second and identical thermo element in series to the already existing, but connect it in opposite direction, so that the two thermo potentials are identical but of opposite sign. This is what Erik mentioned.
This methode will only work, if both thermo elements can be held at the same temperature!

2. A better approach is to use a high quality relay, where both contacts are made of same material. Such relays are often made of heavy gold contacts resting in an inert gas atmosphere.

Kai

List of 37 messages in thread
TopicAuthorDate
Three Gains?            01/01/70 00:00      
   Digital Pots            01/01/70 00:00      
      Re: Digital Pots.            01/01/70 00:00      
         precision digital pots can not be found            01/01/70 00:00      
   PGA are cheap too            01/01/70 00:00      
      Easiest Method            01/01/70 00:00      
         Re: Easiest method.            01/01/70 00:00      
            Need not to be a problem            01/01/70 00:00      
            Three gains            01/01/70 00:00      
               precision            01/01/70 00:00      
                  ratio is precision            01/01/70 00:00      
      Re: PGA            01/01/70 00:00      
   could you            01/01/70 00:00      
      Re: Logarithmic Amplifier.            01/01/70 00:00      
         never used one            01/01/70 00:00      
   Use three independent lines            01/01/70 00:00      
      Re: Three Independent Lines.            01/01/70 00:00      
         Not three integrators, but...            01/01/70 00:00      
            Re: Three Amp sections for three gains            01/01/70 00:00      
               Is it unity gain buffer or I to V conv.            01/01/70 00:00      
                  it's part of your rectifier            01/01/70 00:00      
                     Thanks for clarification.            01/01/70 00:00      
               Maybe some protection scheme for ADC            01/01/70 00:00      
                  Re: Some protection for ADC.            01/01/70 00:00      
   Higher resolution avoids gain switcing            01/01/70 00:00      
      Re: Higher Resolution.            01/01/70 00:00      
   You can use better profesional method.            01/01/70 00:00      
      low voltage analog switching            01/01/70 00:00      
         Re: Low voltage analog switch.            01/01/70 00:00      
            voltage            01/01/70 00:00      
            Seebeck-effect, thermo elements            01/01/70 00:00      
               better - yes            01/01/70 00:00      
               English english            01/01/70 00:00      
                  Re: English            01/01/70 00:00      
                  Thanks!            01/01/70 00:00      
      Re: Profesional method.            01/01/70 00:00      
         Mechanical relays.            01/01/70 00:00      

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